<p>Les Platons is the highest point of Jersey, a British Crown Dependency, with an elevation of 136 metres . It is located in the Vingtaine de la Ville-à-l&#39;Évêque in the parish of Trinity.</p><br>
<p>There are radio transmitters, and a radar station located at Les Platons.</p><br>
<p>In October 1955, Les Platons was used as a site for a television transmitter to bring BBC Television (later renamed BBC One) transmissions to the Channel Islands. It transmitted BBC Television on the VHF 405 line service on Channel 4 from Monday 3 October 1955. From 1955 the site was also used to bring the BBC national radio stations to the Channel Islands. Before 1955 the Channel Islands had no transmitters, and received radio transmissions of the BBC national radio stations from mainland England, which could easily be picked up in the Channel Islands.</p><br>
<p>The BBC started FM transmissions on 16 October 1961 from Les Platons, of the Home, Light and Third Programmes (had started in the UK in the mid-to-late 1950s). Later this became 91.1 as Radio 2 (with occasional Radio 1), 94.75 as Radio 3 (later rounded up to 94.8), and 97.1 as Radio 4.</p><br>
<p>The Fremont Point transmitter would go on the air in September 1962 bringing Independent Television (ITV) to the Channel Islands for the first time in the form of the ITV franchise Channel Television. In due course Fremont Point became the main television transmitter site for the Channel Islands. It started broadcasting UHF 625 television in 1976 along with the introduction for the first time of BBC Two and colour television to the Channel Islands.</p><br>
<p>Les Platons television transmissions ceased in 1985 when the old VHF 405 line transmissions ceased in the UK. From 1985 onwards Les Platons has been a radio transmitter site only.</p><br>
<p>Mont Agel is a mountain located on the border between France and Monaco. The summit of this mount, at 1,148 m above sea level, is situated on the French side, but the highest point of Monaco, lying on a pathway named Chemin des Révoires, is situated on its slopes, at an altitude of 161 metres .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The top of Mont Agel is occupied by Nice Air Base, itself built on the former Ouvrage Mont Agel of the Alpine Line fortifications.</p><br>
<p>On 18 June 2011, a light aircraft crashed onto Mont Agel, killing two British people. The plane was on a private flight, and was en route from Italy to Troyes at the time of the crash. Conditions were foggy.</p><br>
<p>Mont Agel is the site of the Monte Carlo Golf Club, formerly home of the Monte Carlo Open. The club celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Roc Agel, purchased by Rainier III, Prince of Monaco as a summer family residence, is located high on the slopes of Mont Agel.</p><br>
<p>Ahu A Umi Heiau means "shrine at the temple of Umi" in the Hawaiian Language.</p><br>
<p>It is also spelled "ahu-a-Umi", or known as Ahua A Umi Heiau, which would mean "mound of Umi".</p><br>
<p>It was built for ʻUmi-a-Liloa, often called Umi, who ruled the island of Hawaii early in the 16th century. He moved the seat of government here from the Waipio Valley.</p><br>
<p>The seat of power generally remained in the Kona District until the plantation days hundreds of years later.</p><br>
<p>Ahu A Umi Heiau was also the place where the great chief Keawenuiaumi (the son of</p><br>
<p>Umi) hid to escape death from a strong alii, Kalepuni, who attempted to</p><br>
<p>take over Keawe’s rule.</p><br>
<p>The site was an enclosure surrounded by a number of stone cairns, up to four meters high and seven meters in diameter.</p><br>
<p>It is unusual to be built so far inland, on the high and dry plateau between Mauna Loa and Hualālai.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century the site was built into a corral, but parts remain intact.</p><br>
<p>The Judd Trail was begun in 1849 to create a</p><br>
<p>direct route between Kailua and Hilo near the site, but trail completion was abandoned</p><br>
<p>after the Mauna Loa eruption of 1859 crossed the route.</p><br>
<p>Otherwise the area, and elevation of over 5,000 ft, is not easily accessed today.</p><br>
<p>A number of trails with traditional names mentioning King Umi&#39;s probably existed in that time. Some of these have been proposed to be restored into a Mauna Loa trail system.</p><br>
<p>The site is on the state register of historic places as site number 10-29-3810.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 13, 1974, as site number 74000343.</p><br>
<p>It is located in the upper elevations of the ahupuaa (traditional land division) called Keauhou 2.</p><br>
<p>Modern research proposes that the complex includes an astronomical direction register.</p><br>
<p>The East Plymouth Historic District is a historic district in the town of Plymouth, Connecticut. It encompasses a small rural village in the northeastern part of the town, whose main focus is the 1792 St. Matthew&#39;s Church, one of the oldest surviving Episcopal church buildings in the state. The district runs along East Plymouth Road on either side of its junction with Marsh Road, and includes predominantly Greek Revival residential buildings erected in the early to mid-19th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now East Plymouth was sparsely settled until after the American Revolutionary War. The junction of East Plymouth and Marsh Roads was a minor road junction, that assumed importance with the founding in 1792 of St. Matthew&#39;s Church. This church was founded by Plymouth Episcopalians unhappy with a recent decision to build a new church at the western end of the town (now Thomaston), and by Congregationalists of Bristol unhappy with their preacher. The crossroads grew into a small village as parishioners moved to the area, and there were soon a tavern and blacksmith established. The area was dependent on agriculture, and declined economically in the late 19th century, as people moved to find work elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along East Plymouth Street, a short distance from its junction with Marsh Road. It includes eight 19th-century houses, as well as the former 1792 St. Matthew&#39;s building, now converted to a residence. That building is of historic significance as one of a small number of surviving 18th-century church buildings in the state. The houses and associated outbuildings are mostly in vernacular versions of the Federal and Greek Revival styles popular in the first half of the 19th century. Some houses remained within ownership of the same families well into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The former DeRham Farm is located along Indian Brook Road just off NY 9D in the Town of Philipstown, north of Garrison, New York, United States. It is a complex of buildings assembled by a gentleman farmer in the early 19th century that remain intact today.</p><br>
<p>It has, since its construction, been split into four contiguous lots on either side of the road totalling almost 20 acre. In 1980 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Properties</h2><br>
<p>There are 15 contributing properties, all of them former farm buildings, spread across the four parcels. The main house is located off Indian Brook Road, overlooking the Hudson River and the mountains of the western Hudson Highlands across it. It is a two-and-a-half-story home with a full-length veranda supported by Tuscan columns across the first story on the southern (front) facade. It has a mansard roof with pedimented dormers. A two-story wing, also mansard-roofed, projects from the west.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is elaborately decorated with an elliptical fanlight, keystone and pilasters with architrave trim and sidelights. It opens onto a wainscoted central hallway. The rooms have original mantels, two in marble and one carved in Adamesque.</p><br>
<p>Across the road is a board-and-batten-sided cottage and brick carriage house. The former has a low-pitched gabled roof with scalloped bargeboard trim, and the latter has two pyramidal roofs with cupolas, and round-arched Romanesque windows. East of the cottage is the caretaker&#39;s cottage, a T-shaped clapboard-sided with clipped or arched windows in the gable apexes. To the north of these buildings is yet another residence, the orchard house, sitting on a rock ledge with hipped dormers and a central projecting gable with canopy. It is fenestrated with narrow, arched double windows in the dormers and gables.</p><br>
<p>Several smaller outbuildings are scattered around the property. A playhouse and shed are near the main house, with a wellhouse and garage near the orchard house. East of the caretaker&#39;s cottage is one barn, the ruins of another, two greenhouses, a root cellar and a water tower.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land was first farmed by a tenant farmer named Thomas Davenport in the early 18th century, when it was still part of the vast holdings of Frederick Philipse. Most were later confiscated due to the Philipse family&#39;s support for the Loyalist cause during the Revolutionary War; however the future de Rham property was not among these as it was owned by the heirs of Philip Philipse, who had died in the late 1760s. Davenport and his family lived in a small frame house, probably on the present property, whose exact site is unknown.</p><br>
<p>Davenport&#39;s grandson William appears to have left the area around 1802 and sold his lease to a family named Wheelock. They bought the property outright from the Philipse heirs in 1827. The deed for this transaction mentions the main house and a few of the other structures, so they were apparently built during their ownership.</p><br>
<p>Three years later, in 1830, the Wheelocks sold the property for $6,900 ($ in 2009 dollars) to brothers Adolphus and John Watson, who bought out a third partner the following year. The Watsons operated the Highland School in the main house until 1835, the year after they had sold to Henry Casimir de Rham, a Swiss immigrant who had become a successful New York merchant and banker, for $11,000 ($ in 2009 dollars).</p><br>
<p>De Rham owned and operated the farm as a summer and weekend residence until his death in 1874, renaming it Giez, after the town of his birth in Switzerland. He was responsible for three major renovations to the main house in the 19th century, which added the Greek Revival porch, the enlargement of the east wing and the addition of a west wing and the mansard roofs on the whole house. The orchard house was remodeled and expanded in 1929. The de Rham family continued to own the farm until 1949, when it was subdivided into the current four parcels, one of which the family kept. The following year, the main house&#39;s east wing was demolished. There have been no major changes since then.</p><br>
<p>Ki-a-Kuts Falls is a 40 ft tall waterfall on the Tualatin River in Washington County, Oregon, United States. Discovered in 1993 in the more remote upper stretch of the river, the falls were named after the last chief of the local band of Native Americans, Chief Ki-a-Kuts of the Atfalati. The water descends in a single fall down a narrow channel in the basalt cliffs overhanging the river at that spot.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In July 1993, a group of eight hikers from the Tualatin Riverkeepers group were exploring the upper reaches of the Tualatin River, the only river in Washington County. During that hike the group stumbled upon the then uncharted falls while hiking in the river approximately 1.5 mi directly north of Barney Reservoir. After returning home, the group worked to have the waterfall added to maps and to be officially named by the United States Board on Geographic Names and the state level names board. Early options included Lost Falls and Riverkeepers Falls before the group decided to honor the former inhabitants of the Tualatin Valley. The state naming board accepted the name on June 10, 1999.</p><br>
<p>On June 21, 1999, the cascade was dedicated as Ki-A-Kuts Falls in a ceremony featuring officials from the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde. The falls were named after the final chief of the Atfalati band of the Native Americans that were part of the Kalapuya language group. The Atfalati inhabited the Tualatin Valley prior to the arrival of Euro-American settlers and were devastated by diseases from the Columbian Exchange in the early 19th century. The survivors of the epidemics were forced off their ancestral lands and relocated to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation in what is now Polk County along with several other bands of Native Americans.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>Ki-a-Kuts Falls stands 40 ft tall and travels down a narrow rock chute in a single cascade over basalt cliffs. They end in a pool of water at the base, with views obscured by trees. Views are further obscured by a bend in the river at that point, which helped keep the falls concealed behind cliffs and thus unnoticed by modern explorers and off of maps. The falls are located 1,700 ft upriver (west) of the Tualatin River’s confluence with Maple Creek and 1.4 mi north of Barney Reservoir at an elevation of 1,299 ft. This is west of Henry Hagg Lake and the city of Gaston and about 3.5 mi east of the county line with Tillamook County within the Tillamook State Forest.</p><br>
<p>Most place names with hyphens are rejected by the Board of Geographic Names, but the board made an exception due to the request to honor the Native American chief. Additionally, the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde requested the last word be spelled with a K instead of a C as originally proposed.</p><br>
<p>The Appomattox Historic District national historic district located at Appomattox, Appomattox County, Virginia. It contains 297 contributing buildings, 6 contributing structures, and 3 contributing objects in Appomattox. It includes Courthouse Square, the commercial district surrounding the railroad tracks, the Appomattox depot , and surrounding residential areas dating back to the 19th century. Notable buildings include the Appomattox Courthouse , Appomattox County Jail , County Office Building , Knickerbocker Hotel , Bank of Appomattox , Appomattox Middle School , Appomattox Pentecostal Holiness Church , and "The Nebraska House" .</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It is two miles southwest of the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park. Even though the park and the district share many of the same building names, for example, the court house and the jail, they are different buildings in different locations.</p><br>
<p>The Harriman Historic District is located in the northern section of Bristol, Pennsylvania, United States. It is a 17 acre residential area with 109 buildings, mostly houses, and the local secondary school.</p><br>
<p>Houses began being built in the area early in the 20th century. Growth exploded when the USA entered World War I in 1917 and the Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) hired a Massachusetts-based company to build housing for workers hired at the nearby shipyard run by the Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation (MSC). The Bristol project was to become the largest single housing project ever undertaken by the EFC.</p><br>
<p>By 1921, production at the shipyard had declined due to a postwar shipbuilding slump. The government consequently closed the shipyard and put many of the residential houses up for auction. Most remain standing today, and in 1987 the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a well-preserved example of a government planned and financed residential neighborhood from the World War I era.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is slightly oval in shape, bounded by East and West Circle on the north and south, Farragut Avenue on the east and Trenton Avenue to the west. This neighborhood contains 109 buildings, all but five of which are contributing properties to its historic character.</p><br>
<p>In designing the project, the original architects strove to provide not mere accommodation, but as far as practicable to add individuality to the family buildings, most of which are finished in Tudor Revival or Colonial Revival styles, with brick first floors, stuccoed or wood-ornamented second floors, large porches and steeply pitched gable roofs. The only major surviving non-residential structure, Bristol Junior/Senior High School, was also built as Harriman Public School along with the original housing.</p><br>
<p>About 100 of the original buildings survive today, although most of the original non-residential buildings, including the hotel and the restaurant, were demolished years ago to make room for more residential properties. The streets, many of which are named after American Presidents, are wide and tree-lined.</p><br>
<p>There are also six rows of earlier company housing built in 1907 for the employees of the defunct Standard Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Company, from which Harriman purchased the property. These houses with their uniform design represent a sharp contrast to the individually tailored houses constructed by the EFC.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1917, railroad heir W. Averell Harriman, anticipating the entry of the United States into World War I, established the Merchant Shipbuilding Corporation (MSC) to build merchant ships for the war effort. Harriman began by purchasing the old shipyard of John Roach & Sons on the Delaware River in Chester, Pennsylvania. He also purchased a waterfront property upriver at Bristol, from the bankrupt Standard Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Company, where he intended to build a more modern shipyard. After the entry of the United States into the war however, Harriman negotiated an agreement with the Emergency Fleet Corporation whereby the EFC undertook to build the Bristol shipyard and lease it from MSC in return for MSC&#39;s construction of forty 9,000 ton freighters at the yard for a fixed price. The first keels were laid at the yard in September 1917 and the first launching took place in August 1918.</p><br>
<p>The shipyard built by the EFC attracted 11,000 workers and their families to Bristol, and the local property market was quickly exhausted. After rejecting a proposal to declare the city a war zone in order to requisition existing housing for the shipyard workers, the EFC decided to initiate an ambitious new housing project instead. The project was approved by the USA Congress in December 1917, and $35 million was appropriated to pay for it.</p><br>
<p>The Bristol housing project—the largest single housing project undertaken by the EFC—created an entire new township in Bristol which was dubbed "Harriman" after the proprietor of the MSC. Construction began in March 1918 and the first buildings were completed by July, although workers at first declined to occupy them due to high rents. When completed, the new township comprised 320 houses, 278 apartments and 22 dormitories housing a total of 3,800 workers and their families. The township had its own sewage, water and lighting systems, and 212 of the apartments and 66 bungalows were supplied with steam heating from a central heating plant. In addition to the housing itself, 18 stores, a school, a 40-bed hospital, a 500-room hotel known as the "Victory Hotel" and a vast "Merchant Restaurant" capable of serving 12,000 meals a day were constructed.</p><br>
<p>In spite of the great expense that went into construction of the Bristol shipyard and the new township of Harriman, the yard was unable to complete a single ship before the end of the war. However, both the EFC and Harriman himself anticipated a shipbuilding boom in the postwar period, and it was decided to complete all forty of the merchant ships originally ordered. Contrary to their expectations however, the war was followed not by a boom but by a shipbuilding slump. By 1921 there was no more work for the shipyard, and in February of that year it was permanently closed. The government thereafter auctioned off the properties of Harriman township by individual lot, but was able to realize only $870,000 from the sale as opposed to the original design and construction cost of $5.6 million. Harriman township was subsequently incorporated into the Borough of Bristol, which assumed all responsibility for provision of services. In 1987, the township was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Harriman Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Harriman Historic District is recognized today for its association with the World War I mobilization effort, its significance as the largest housing project undertaken by the EFC, and its relative integrity as an example of a government planned and financed residential community from World War I era.</p><br>
<p>The River Terrace Apartments is an apartment building located at 7700 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. River Terrace Apartments was one of the first two garden apartment complexes built in Michigan which used loan guarantees from the Federal Housing Administration, the other being Hillcrest Village in East Lansing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>By the late 19th century, the corridor along East Jefferson Avenue had become a prestigious residential neighborhood. As the automobile age dawned in the twentieth century and Detroit&#39;s population boomed, large upscale apartment buildings were constructed along the Avenue. However, this boom in apartment construction collapsed at the start of the Great Depression. However, in 1939, Wesson Seyburn, along with Leonard P. Reaume, of the property management firm of Holden & Reaume, applied for a building permit to construct this apartment building. It was the first new apartment complex to be constructed along the river since the late 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The owners engaged the architectural firm of Derrick & Gamber to design this apartment building, and it was competed in late 1939 at a cost of $1,250,000. They remain used as apartments until the present.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The River Terrace Apartments are a "garden court" type of apartment complex, consisting of four separate structures surrounding a large garden / lawn space. The garden space slopes down toward the Detroit River, and the apartment buildings are situated to provide river views and access to the shoreline. Each structure has a different footprint, although they all share Georgian Revival architectural details. All buildings have limestone beltcourses between the second and third stories, and the comers of each building have raised brick quoining. The architectural style of the complex exemplifies the FHA standards at the time.</p><br>
<p>All four buildings are 2-1/2 to four stories tall, and are constructed with steel framing, cinder block walls faced with red brick, and flat roofs. The complex contains 178 apartments, varying in size from 2-1/2 room studio apartments to 5 room full apartments. Building number one is U-shaped, with the base of the U fronting on Jefferson. It is 3-1/2 stories tall, with a half-story basement level. The facade has a central section, containing the entrance and two flanking windows, which projects slightly from the main section of the building. The entrance is set in a pilaster with a segmental pediment wood frame. Building two forms a long undulating line behind the southwest corner of building one, extending almost to the river. Building three and four are separated from building two by a long courtyard, and zigzag toward the river from the southeast corner of building one.</p><br>
<p>Ostler&#39;s Plantation is a Forestry Commission owned woodland next to Woodhall Spa, Lincolnshire. It has public access and lies to the west of an open area of heathland, the Kirkby Moor Nature Reserve; both are noted for having large numbers of adders which have been the subject of debate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation was originally planted in the early 19th century by John Parkinson on an area of open moorland. After his bankruptcy in 1827 his former agent, William Ostler, became its owner.</p><br>
<p>In 1942 RAF Woodhall Spa was built immediately to the south of the woodland with many of the bomb dumps, aprons and other associated buildings being built into the edge of the woodland. Much of these still remain as tracks and overgrown ruins.</p><br>
<p>Today the woodland is owned by the Forestry Commission and still used as a commercial plantation with periodic harvesting. The whole site is open to the public throughout the year, although some areas may be restricted during harvesting. It is a popular area for walking, horse riding and cycling with organised mountain biking and archery events held.</p><br>
<p>There is no direct access to the adjoining nature reserves from the woodland - these have to be accessed by going back onto Kirkby Lane.</p><br>
<h2>Snake bites</h2><br>
<p>On 18 April 2009 a 7-year-old boy was bitten by an adder after handling it while walking in the woods. After receiving hospital treatment at Lincoln County Hospital he made a full recovery; however it reignited concern over the danger of snakes. Although adders are a protected species, many local people believe that there should be adequate warning signs and that they should be under control. A lack of anti-venom has also been highlighted. Over the past years a number of dogs have also been bitten.</p><br>
<p>Barnsley Resort is situated on the grounds of a historic former plantation near Adairsville, Georgia, United States. Originally known as Woodlands , the plantation was established by Godfrey Barnsley, originally of Liverpool, England. He built the Italianate manor in the late 1840s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original manor at Barnsley Resort was built for Godfreys wife Julia. Before it was completed, Julia fell ill and died, and Barnsley suspended its construction. Later, he said he felt her presence at the site telling him to finish the house for him and his children. During the American Civil War, the mansion had been the site of a battle, and much of the house and Barnsleys possessions were ransacked by the Union Army. Barnsley lost his fortune during the Civil War and later moved to New Orleans before he died in 1873.</p><br>
<p>Barnsleys descendants continued to live at Woodlands until the roof of the main house was blown off by a tornado in 1906. Barnsleys granddaughter, Miss Addie, and her family who were living there at the time, moved into the kitchen wing and the main house was never restored, and eventually fell to ruins. In 1988 Prince Hubertus Fugger purchased the estate and began a major project to stabilize the ruins and rescue and restore the gardens. The original boxwood hedges planted in the early 1840s still survived and had grown up into a thicket of small trees and vines. These were carefully cut back over a number of years to reveal the interweaving paths and flower beds of the original parterre garden. This is now one of the few surviving antebellum gardens of the southern United States.</p><br>
<h2>Modern resort</h2><br>
<p>The modern resort offers well-appointed luxury guest cottages and a golf course designed by Jim Fazio. Barnsley Resort also has three restaurants, the Rice House, the Woodlands Grill, and Beer Garden. Barnsley Resort has many options for recreation including, horseback riding, fly-fishing, clay shooting, a saltwater pool, a gym, and a spa.</p><br>
<h2>In literature</h2><br>
<p>Barnsley Gardens is featured in the ghost story "The Curse of Barnsley Gardens" in Kathryn Tucker Windham&#39;s 1973 work 13 Georgia Ghosts and Jeffrey.</p><br>
<p>Bogstadvannet  is a lake between the city of Oslo and the municipality of Bærum, Akershus, Norway. It is part of Sørkedalsvassdraget, which in turn is part of Oslomarkvassdraget.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the lake was named Få(d)vannet after an earlier name for Lysakerelven, but has since taken the name of the Bogstad estate and manor, on the east shore of the lake. In addition to the manor, Norway&#39;s first 18-hole golf course (from 1924) is owned and operated by Oslo Golfklubb on the south shore and a large camping ground (Bogstad Camping) on the east shore south of the manor. The lake is a popular destination for swimming and sunbathing in the summer. In winter, inhabitants from all Oslo go skiing and skating on the lake and the surrounding area when conditions permit. It is also a venue for Christiania Roklub, a rowing club.</p><br>
<p>During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945, the camping ground was used for military barracks. Structures from this time remained under Norwegian military administration until the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The lake is shallow with significant flow. Algae growth is not significant, making for good bathing conditions. The environmental condition has remained stable for at least the last 20 years.</p><br>
<p>The commercial development of Bogstadvannet was largely due to the works of the Bogstad estate. The Leucht family, succeeded by the Anker family, built a significant forestry enterprise in the area, and for many years the lake served as part of the waterway for floating lumber to mills along Lysakerelven.</p><br>
<p>The Pittsburgh Central Downtown Historic District is a historic district in the Central Business District of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. Bounded by Wood Street, Forbes Avenue, Grant Street, and Liberty Avenue, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 17, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 26 buildings, 20 of which are considered contributing including a few small former residences built in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Frick Building and USA Post Office and Courthouse are contributing properties and are also listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. Other notable contributing properties are the Gulf Tower, the William Penn Hotel, the Oliver Building, Mellon Square, the August Wilson Center, the Federal Reserve Bank Branch, Gulf Tower, the Koppers Building and Trinity Cathedral.</p><br>
<p>The Nevada-California-Oregon Railroad Depot was built by the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway in 1910 in Reno, Nevada. It is Nevada Historical Marker number 210. It is also listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The depot is a two-story rectangular brick building that has a variety of design styles. The low-pitch hip roof is clad in red Spanish tiles. The lower floor has Roman arches around the doors and windows. There is extensive use of concrete in this building, in the quoins, keystones, imposts, and sills.</p><br>
<p>The railroad was organized in Reno in June 1880 as the Nevada and Oregon Railroad. It was decided that the best plan was to build north to the Columbia River to service cattle ranches and farms in northeastern California and eastern Oregon. The company decided to lay narrow-gauge track because it was cheaper than standard gauge construction. It became one of the longest narrow-gauge railroads in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The railroad did well until the mid-1910s. In 1917, the railroad sold all of its holdings in the State of Nevada to the Western Pacific Railroad (WP). The WP then replaced the narrow-gauge track with standard gauge. The depot continued to serve the citizens of Reno until 1937. In 1937 there was no longer passenger service, however the depot was used as offices by the WP until 1975. The building was then sold to private individuals who used it for a variety of functions. In 2014, the building was heavily renovated for The Depot Craft Brewery Distillery, which opened the following year.</p><br>
<p>The depot was listed in the National Register of Historic Places for its association with the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway, for the railroad development of Nevada, and for its distinctive architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Garrison Landing Historic District, also known as Garrison&#39;s Landing, is a small commercial and residential area located between what is now the Metro-North Hudson Line and the Hudson River in Garrison, New York, United States. Its buildings were mostly erected in the 1850s, around the time the Hudson River Railroad, later the New York Central, laid the tracks. Much of the construction was spearheaded by the president of a local ferry company to provide rental housing for local workers. His descendants lived in the area until the late 20th century and led efforts to preserve it, founding and helping to run two organizations for that purpose.</p><br>
<p>Its architecture remained well-preserved enough that in the late 1960s the producers of the film version of Hello, Dolly filmed scenes here set in 1890 Yonkers, and made some improvements to the district that still exist. In 1982 the 5.3 acre historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area. Until 2008 it was also home to Guinan&#39;s, an Irish pub well-known outside the area, and the subject of a book by journalist Gwendolyn Bounds.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The districts boundaries are the river on the west, the railroad tracks on the east, Dock Road on the north and the end of Depot Square, just north of the current train station, on the south. That area includes 17 buildings and structures, most of them contributing properties to the districts historic character, on Depot Square and Dock Road plus the open areas extending to the river behind them.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings are located on the west side of Depot Square, the main road into the district, which dead-ends at the southern boundary. The former train station, now a community theater, is the only building between Depot Square and the tracks. They are a mix of commercial and residential use. The few buildings on the very short Dock Road are residential. All buildings in the district use Garrison Landing as their address rather than the street name.</p><br>
<p>There is a marina with open, grassy common and gazebo at the southwestern corner of the district. Views of the USA Military Academy at West Point across the river are available from most of the district.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings are frame houses in the Andrew Jackson Downing-inspired Carpenter Gothic style. There are only three significant buildings in other materials, the Golden Eagle hotel in brick, the stone former train station and the former Guinan&#39;s Pub in stucco. An early house on the river, past the end of Dock Street, uses brick in part.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The earliest extant building in the district is the -story home of Henry White Belcher, owner of the Garrison and West Point Ferry Company. His home, sided in brick on the first story but shiplap above, dates to 1800 and occupied by the Belcher family until late in the 20th century. When the railroad began construction, in the 1850s, Belcher built most of the other homes in the district as tenant properties, to be rented to both his employees and those working at the large riverfront estates nearby.</p><br>
<p>Most were the frame Carpenter Gothic buildings, reflecting the new style of the era. The Golden Eagle Hotel, on Dock Road, completed in 1854, was an exception. It is a three-story brick building on a stone foundation with molded wooden trim on the windows, brick drip moldings, a porch with paneled piers on the ground level and corner brackets and railings, and gabled roof. Near the southern end of the district, one building would be faced in stucco.</p><br>
<p>In 1892, the Golden Eagle would be joined by the Centrals new station building. It mixed elements of the Italianate, Victorian Gothic and Hudson River Bracketed styles, an eclecticism common in the Centrals Hudson Valley stations. It is a one-story stone building with a hipped roof that curves at the end, roof finials, and wood brackets on corbel supports. The original 1850s frame station, which had been on the site, was relocated nearby.</p><br>
<p>Some additional frame buildings were constructed in the early 20th century. There were no other changes to the district or its buildings throughout the next several decades other than the installation of asbestos siding to some of them. In 1968, the Hello Dolly production crew repainted several of the more visible buildings, added a cupola to the train station (still extant in 1982, but removed since) and built the gazebo in the open area near the marina.</p><br>
<p>Since its listing on the Register, the district has become a local arts and cultural center. The train station has been home to the Philipstown Depot Theatre since 1996.</p><br>
<h3>Guinan's Pub</h3><br>
<p>In 1959 an Irish immigrant, Jim Guinan, opened Guinans, an Irish pub in the stucco building at the south end of the district. Over time, it became a local institution, the subject of a book called Little Chapel on the River by Wall Street Journal reporter Gwendolyn Bounds, and a popular stop for commuters getting coffee and doughnuts in the morning and a drink in the afternoon, after the current station was built in the early 1980s right next to it. News of its closing upon Guinans retirement in early 2007 led to efforts that postponed that for a year. Its closure inspired a play and the recording of a CD of songs frequently performed at the pub&#39;s monthly Irish Nights.</p><br>
<p>The building is currently vacant. Residents want Garrison Station Plaza Inc. (GSP), one of the two entities that own most of the district&#39;s buildings, to continue the same use so that the Landing will continue to have a cafe or similar business. The company has submitted a request to the town to convert it to offices and an apartment.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>GSP is a for-profit real estate company owned by the non-profit Garrison Landing Association, both chaired at one time by Taylor Belcher, a descendant of Henry. The two entities between them own 10 of the 17 properties in the district, and are charged with maintaining its historic character.</p><br>
<p>The Town of Philipstown zones the district in one of its two business classifications. There is no historic overlay district.</p><br>
<p>The Gibson Mansion  is a historic mansion that now serves as a museum in Woodland, California. Exemplifying several architectural styles, including Georgian Revival and Neoclassical, it is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Byas Gibson (1831-1906), originally from Virginia, moved from Missouri to Yolo County in 1850 and began to farm and raise livestock. In 1857, he purchased 320 acres of land south of Woodland with a small home on the property, which would later be the center of his 3,000 acres estate. Near Christmas of 1857, William married Mary Isabel Cook (d.1915) of Kentucky. They had three sons: Robert (1859-1941), Thomas (b.1861), and Joseph (1863-1897). As the family grew and as their wealth increased, they enlarged the house several times between the 1870s to the 1910s, remodeling it into the current mansion. Between 1963 and 1975 the home and the acreage it is on was uncared for and dilapidated, and some labeled it a haunted house during this vacancy. In 1975, efforts to purchase the house and the 2.5 acres it resides on were directed by the County of Yolo to establish it as a county park and the first countywide historical museum. Yolo County Historical Museum Corporation was incorporated in 1986 and their Board of Directors now operates the museum, on behalf of the County. The Museum is open to the public on weekdays.</p><br>
<h2>As a museum</h2><br>
<p>The Gibson Mansion was Yolo County&#39;s first countywide historical museum.</p><br>
<p>East End Historic District in Thomasville, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and was amended in 2003 with increases and decreases to its 13 acre area. Simple Craftsman-style bungalows are the most common.</p><br>
<p>One justification for significance of the district is that it "is significant in the area of community planning and development as... the earliest, documented, planned residential neighborhood in Thomasville and for representing the continued growth and development of a major working-class</p><br>
<p>neighborhood in a community better known for its resort hotels and seasonal residences." Thomasville is asserted to be unique in Georgia "because development during the late 19th century was driven by the citys reputation as a winter resort town for wealthy Northerners", for whom hotels and large "cottages&#39;" were constructed. (Many examples of these are in the Paradise Park area, listed as Paradise Park Historic District in 1984.)</p><br>
<p>Paradise Park Historic District in Thomasville, Georgia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places was 1984 and it was increased in 2002. It consists of Thomasville&#39;s Paradise Park, and properties including 15 contributing buildings and one non-contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The area, subdivided from the S. Alexander Smith estate, was known as "Yankee&#39;s Paradise" at the turn of the 20th century, when Northern visitors had winter homes and cottages in the area. Residents included George Forbes, owner of Forbes Furniture and Hardware; W.S. Keefer, president of the Thomasville Cigar Company; Charles Hebard, a Philadelphia-based lumber "magnate&quot and Judge Strawbridge, a clothing distributor.</p><br>
<p>The increase added the property at 502 South Broad Street as a contributing building and provided documentation justifying reclassification to "contributing" of a previously non-contributing building.</p><br>
<p>At the time of National Register listing, "East Hansell" was the name of the street along the southeast side of the park. By 2013 the street was termed "South Hansell". The street continues as West Hansell across Broad Street.</p><br>
<p>Contributing buildings include:</p><br>
<p>Hebard House (1891 or 1899-1900), 711 East Hansell, likely constructed by builder William Miller,</p><br>
<p>Reefer House, 817 East Hansell Street, a large Victorian Eclectic house, bordered by a white picket fence.</p><br>
<p>701 East Hansell</p><br>
<p>110 East Hansell</p><br>
<p>Buildings on others of the nine properties on East Hansell Street facing the park.</p><br>
<p>Historic carriage house of one of the East Hansell Street properties. Perhaps this is the one property on East Loomis Street.</p><br>
<p>900 South Broad</p><br>
<p>Strawbridge House (1899), 704 South Broad, constructed by builder James Gribben.</p><br>
<p>Tuck House (1940), 701 South Broad Street. One-story ranch house with "applied Greek Revival elements", built for Dr. and Mrs. Albert C. Tuck, designed by Roderick Brantley. It serves as McDonald&#39;s area office. Not deemed to be historic in the original historic district, due to its date of construction, but later accepted. The property at 701 South Broad is bordered by an old wrought-iron fence.</p><br>
<p>Neel House (1907), 502 South Broad Street, a two-story Neoclassical house with full-height portico and one-story porch with classical columns. Converted to apartments in 1930, damaged by fire in 1978, became a bed-and-breakfast inn sometime later. Not included in original historic district due to owner objection.</p><br>
<p>The Neva Bay , also known as the Gulf of Kronstadt, is the easternmost part of the Gulf of Finland between Kotlin Island and the Neva River estuary where Saint Petersburg city centre is located. It has a surface area of 329 km&sup2;. The entire bay has been separated from the Gulf of Finland by the 25 km long Saint Petersburg Dam. The area of water separated by the dam is 380 km&sup2;. The entire coastline is designated part of St. Petersburg rather than of Leningrad Oblast.</p><br>
<p>The bay is also informally known as "the Marquis&#39; Puddle" after Jean Baptiste, marquis de Traversay, the Russian naval minister who regarded the shallow waters of the bay as an ideal place for holding naval exercises. The Saint Petersburg Dam separates the bay from the Baltic Sea.</p><br>
<p>Springfield Baptist Church in Augusta, Georgia was built in 1801 by a Methodist congregation. It is the oldest church building extant in Augusta and one of the oldest in the state. It was built in the style of a New England meetinghouse, rare in Georgia.</p><br>
<p>"The simple, two story rectangular wooden building has two doors at the first floor topped by two arched windows and a smaller arched attic window in the gable of the street facade. The east and west sides of the church boast first and second floor ranges of seven wooden 12/12 windows. The interior of the church has an assembly-hall plan consisting of a shallow vestibule on the north end and a long narrow meeting hall."</p><br>
<p>In 1844 the Methodists moved to a new church, and the wooden building was taken over by the Springfield Baptist congregation, one of the oldest black Baptist congregations in the nation. During the antebellum years, it had 1,000 members and was the largest congregation of any in the Georgia Baptist Association. In 1897 the congregation built a new church on the site, in the Late Victorian Gothic style. It continues to maintain the old one and uses it for special events.</p><br>
<p>The congregation claims continuous ties with Silver Bluff Baptist Church, founded 1774-1775 in South Carolina as one of the first black Baptist congregations in the nation. For this reason, the historian Walter Brooks suggested it was the oldest black Baptist congregation. The First Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia was organized in 1774 and also contends for this distinction.</p><br>
<p>The 1801 Springfield Baptist Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The boundary of the NRHP-listed site was increased in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Rudall River is an ephemeral river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The entire length of the river is located within the boundaries of the Karlamilyi National Park.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters of the river lie below the Watrara Range near Island Hill and flows eastward until it discharges into Lake Dora. The river is unique in the region as it is a major watercourse with reliable water sources and many permanent pools.</p><br>
<p>The river has a total of nine tributaries including; Watrara Creek, Rooney Creek, Poonemerlarra Creek and Dunn Creek.</p><br>
<p>The river was named by the explorer Frank Hann in 1896 after the surveyor William Frederick Rudall whom he met in the area while Hann was prospecting and Rudall was searching for men missing from the Calvert Expedition. The traditional owners of the land are the Warnman peoples who call the river Karlamilyi.</p><br>
<p>The Nevada-California-Oregon Railway Locomotive House and Machine Shop was built by the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway in 1889 in Reno, Nevada.</p><br>
<p>The railroad was organized in Reno in June 1880 as the Nevada and Oregon Railroad. It was decided that the best plan was to build north to the Columbia River to serve cattle ranches and farms in northeastern California and eastern Oregon. The company decided to lay narrow-gauge track because it was cheaper than standard gauge construction. It became one of the longest narrow-gauge railroads in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The building consists of the original locomotive house/machine shop and an addition. The locomotive house was built in 1889, and the addition was built in the 1940s. The building is one story, rectangular in shape and is built of brick.</p><br>
<p>The locomotive house was used to store the narrow-gauge steam locomotives. When the railroad built a new roundhouse in the mid-1910s, the locomotive house was converted into a machine shop.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, the railroad was sold to the Western Pacific Railroad (WP). Because the WP could not use the narrow-gauge terminal facilities such as the roundhouse and machine shop, it either sold them or leased them. The machine shop was leased to the Crane Plumbing Company for use as a warehouse and plumbing supply. The WP built the addition to the existing machine shop in the 1940s. In 1963, the Crane Company left and the WP leased the building to other tenants. In 1973, the WP sold the building. It has remained in private hands ever since.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places due to its association with the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway and the railroad development in Nevada.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary Roman Catholic Church, formally the Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary is in the third oldest Roman Catholic parish in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 646 Monroe Street in heart of Greektown Historic District in downtown Detroit. It is often called Old St. Marys Church to avoid confusion with other St. Marys parishes in the Redford neighborhood of Detroit or nearby Royal Oak, Monroe, or Wayne.</p><br>
<p>The complex originally consisted of the church, rectory, constructed in 1876, school, constructed in 1868, and convent, completed in 1922. The convent was demolished in the early 2000s and replaced with a community center designed to resemble the 1841 church building.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary Parish has been staffed by the Spiritans or Holy Ghost Fathers since 1893. It was previously administered by the Franciscan Fathers (1872-1893) and the Redemptorist Fathers (1847-1872).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The parish was founded in 1834 by Father Martin Kundig to serve the German-speaking immigrants who settled in this part of the city. The first church was constructed in 1841 at this site on land sold to Bishop Peter Paul LeFevere for one dollar by Antoine and Monica Beaubien, two of the area&#39;s early settlers. The materials for the church cost an additional $239. The Beaubiens also donated four bells for the new church.</p><br>
<p>The cornerstone for the current structure was laid in 1884 and it was completed in 1885. Its German born and trained architect Peter Dederichs was a parishioner of the Church and also designed nearby Sacred Heart Church.</p><br>
<p>In the early twentieth century, Father Joseph Wuest, then-Pastor of Old St. Mary&#39;s, constructed three grottos at the rear of the church. One is the Baptistry on the Epistle side of the building. It depicts the scene described in the Canonical Gospels of the Baptism of Jesus. Next to the Baptistry is a replica of the Shrine of Lourdes. Within this grotto is an altar where weekly mass is celebrated. Older members of the church say that Father Wuest collected the rocks he used in the construction during a trip to Lourdes, France. On the opposite side of the church is the third grotto which depicts the scene in the Garden of Gethsemane the night before the crucifixion.</p><br>
<p>Rev. John A. Lemke, born in Detroit on February 10, 1866, of Prussian-Polish parents, was baptized at St. Mary&#39;s on February 18, 1866. He went on to become the first native-born Roman Catholic Priest of Polish descent to be ordained in the United States.</p><br>
<p>St. Mary&#39;s school opened in 1844 with lay teachers. The Christian Brothers began teaching male upperclassmen in 1852 with the School Sisters of Notre Dame assuming responsibility for teaching the girls and younger boys. The building was replaced in 1855 and the current building, designed by Pius Daubner, was erected in 1868. The school operated until 1966.</p><br>
<p>The church, school and rectory were listed as Michigan Historic Sites in 1979 and markers were erected at all three.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church is constructed of red brick in the Romanesque style with Venetian accents. The west façade is dominated by twin towers which frame a large rose window. The Romanesque-Venetian style carries over to the rectory and now-demolished convent. The church is 176 ft long. The nave is 80 ft wide and reaches a height of 90 ft. One striking feature of the church interior is the ten polished granite columns which divide the main and side aisles. The columns are each cut from a single piece of granite and were originally intended for the Michigan State Capitol building then under construction in Lansing. For unknown reasons, the columns were not used in the Capitol and the church was able to purchase all ten for only $4,625 bringing the total construction cost to $81,210.</p><br>
<p>The Great Northern Depot in Skykomish, Washington was built by the Great Northern Railway in 1894. Its original location was on the south side of the tracks at 5th Street. In 1922, the depot was moved to its present location on the north side of the tracks at 4th Street.</p><br>
<p>The depot is a one-story rectangular wood-frame building. It consisted of a passenger waiting room, the station agent&#39;s office and a freight room.</p><br>
<p>The town of Skykomish was founded as a division point on the railroad. The railyard was used by helper locomotives on the grade up to Stevens Pass.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s passenger service to Skykomish ended. In 1970, the Great Northern was merged into the Burlington Northern Railroad. The yard and buildings at Skykomish ceased to be used. The old rail yard is currently undergoing environmental remediation and the depot has been temporarily moved.</p><br>
<p>The depot was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as one of the last Great Northern depots still remaining in the State of Washington and for its association with railroad development in Washington.</p><br>
<p>The Bibans or Biban Range  are a chain of mountains in northern Algeria, bordering the south of Kabylie.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The highest summits are 1862 m high Mansoura (جبل منصورة) and 1832 m high Choukchout (جبل شوكشوط). Located to the east of the Blidean Atlas and to the west of the Hodna Mountains, the Bibans are a subrange of the Tell Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountain System.</p><br>
<p>The strategic Iron Gates mountain passes are located in the range and gave their name to the Biban Mountains. The main gorge is the deep Bab al-Kabir (Big Door), cut by the Ouadi Chebba, through which the railway line between Algiers and Constantine passes. The Bab al-Saghir (Little Door) of the Oadi Buktun is located 3.5 km to the east.</p><br>
<p>Some authors claim that the range was known as El Ouennougha before the French colonization of Algeria. Traditionally these mountains have been populated by Kabyle people. In present days the Kabyle populations are found in the centre and the eastern part of the range, while the western end is home to Arabophone communities. Local people use to practice goat rearing and beekeeping, as well as growing olives for the production of olive oil. Ancient oil mills have been preserved in certain villages.</p><br>
<h2>Protected areas</h2><br>
<p>The 200,000 ha Saharan Atlas National Park is a protected area located near Hammam Dhalaa on the southeastern side of the range, 15 km north of MSila. Established in 1992, it is a refuge for about hundred Cuviers gazelles.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson House in Garrison, New York, United States is located at a bend in Lower Station Road  just uphill from Garrison Landing and the train station at the Hudson River, and downhill from Mandeville House and the Garrison Grist Mill Historic District. Records suggest it was built sometime prior 1854, and its ownership at that time was attributed to a "Mrs. Wilson."</p><br>
<p>It is a wooden cottage in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style, one-and-a-half stories high, sided in a combination of clapboard and board-and-batten. It sits on a stone foundation with a steeply-pitched cross-gabled seamed metal roof. The gable ends have a louvered trefoil vent, and the south (front) elevation has a gabled dormer window with a pointed-arch window, a treatment echoed by the paneled main entrance. The south and west sides have shed-roofed porches with chamfered piers.</p><br>
<p>This level of Gothic detailing is considered the finest Gothic in the Hudson Highlands. In 1982 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area.</p><br>
<p>Murray Hill is the highest point of Christmas Island, at 357 m above sea level. It was first scaled in 1857 even though the island had been located in 1615.</p><br>
<p>The plateau around the summit is dense and evergreen, although the biodiversity of trees is limited compared to similar areas of continental rainforest. Murray Hill is an integral part of the Christmas Island National Park covering an area of 85 km&sup2; of the islands southwest corner; the islands total area is approximately 135 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Christmas Island was first discovered on in 1615 by Captain John Milward of the East India Company ship, and it was named Christmas Island on 25 December 1643. However, it was only 272 years later, in 1887, that detailed exploration of the topographical features and geological formations of the island was performed. This was an effort by a small group of people from HMS Egeria. They were the first to scale the highest mountain of the island, which is named as Murray Hill, though in earlier centuries some hills closer to the coast line and dense forest areas had been discovered. The detailed exploration also led to the finding of pure phosphate of lime which ensured the development of the island in the next century. Its control initially came under the British Dominion (from 1888), then as the British Colony of Singapore (after World War II), and finally as a sovereign part of Australia from 1 October 1958.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and geology</h2><br>
<p>In the saddle-shaped Christmas Island, the Murray Hill rises to a height of 357 m. It is situated in the western central part of the island.</p><br>
<p>It is 3.25 miles to the southeast of Northwest Point where the Headridge Hill rises to a height of 335 m. West White Beach occurs on the southwest side of the hill. At 3.5 miles in width, the most narrow point of Christmas Island is a line drawn north-south through Murray Hill.</p><br>
<p>The entire island including Murray Hill has been formed out of submarine mountain formations. It is conjectured to be an ancient atoll, with lime formation dominating the terrain, with phosphates of alumina and iron recorded on the hills. The entire island is geologically identified as an isolated limestone-capped volcanic island with hill formations rising to a height of 4.5 km above the sea floor. Geological formations recorded are mainly-basaltic volcanic rocks interspersed with tertiary limestones and occasional inter-bedded volcanics overlaid by phosphate-rich soils on the surface in some areas.</p><br>
<p>Along with the highest elevations of Phosphate Hill and Flying Fish Cove, the rocks from Murray Hill summit are characterized as dolomitic limestones, containing between 34 and 41 percent carbonate of magnesia. Analyses of the rocks has shown that the fossils are mostly obliterated, though there are remains of foraminifera, Lithothamnion, and possibly coral. The small, brown spherules of phosphatic matter which occur on the hill in a bed of rock may be explained because of phosphatic fossilization of volcanic rock.</p><br>
<p>Murray Hill has an outcrop of many rocks subject to weathering.</p><br>
<p>Recent Ar/Ar geochronology study by Taneja et al. (2015) on the volcanic rocks from Christmas Island have shown that the experienced a renewed volcanism in the Eocene (43 - 37 Ma) and then a minor phase of volcanism in the Pliocene (4.2 Ma).</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The plateau around the summit is dense and evergreen, although the biodiversity of trees is limited compared to similar areas of continental rainforest. One of the main fauna is the red land crab, Gecarcoidea natalis, which feeds on small seedlings. Vertebrates include geckos such as Cyrtodactylus and Lepidodactylus listeri, and skinks, specifically the Cryptoblepharus egeriae (Blue-tailed Skink), and Emoia nativitatus (Forest Skink); major invertebrates are also present, such as the robber crab, and the little nipper Geograpsus grayi.</p><br>
<p>Murray Hill is an integral part of a reserve area which covers the entire southwest corner of the island. Initially, it was declared as the Christmas Island National Park declared by Proclamation under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1975, on 21 February 1980, covering an area of 85 km (out of total area of 135 km of the island). On 16 July 2000, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 came into effect and the park is now a Commonwealth Reserve under this Act. As of 2010, the national park makes up 63 percent of Christmas Island.</p><br>
<p>Poulithra  is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Leonidio, southeastern Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on the Myrtoan Sea coast, at the foot of the eastern Parnon mountains. In 2011, it had a population of 414 for the village and 415 for the community, which includes the small inland village Pyrgoudi. Poulithra is 7 km southeast of Leonidio, 14 km east of Kosmas, 19 km northwest of Kyparissi, Laconia) and 42 km east of Sparti. It is considered a traditional settlement.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In Poulithra the ancient city of Polichne was located, which was mentioned by the historian Pausanias in his travels. An ancient castle and Byzantine walls are to be found on the hill. In 1997, the formerly independent community became part of the municipality of Leonidio, which became part of the municipality of South Kynouria in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bélair is a peak in the Laurentian Mountains, Quebec, Canada, with an altitude of 485 m. It is located in the Val-Bélair section of Quebec City, approximately 24 km west of downtown.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Mount Bélair is a popular site for outdoor activities. Year round, the summit offers a panoramic view from which one can see downtown Québec, and portions of the trail employ raised wooden walkways. In the autumn, it is decorated with the ornate colors of the boreal forest. In winter, available activities include cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and walking. During warmer temperatures, one may take advantage of a pool, volleyball and soccer nets, a playground, hiking trails, and campground.</p><br>
<p>As of 2001, a telescope was placed in the park, making it the first and only observatory in Québec City, and club members periodically hold observation nights open to the public (weather permitting).</p><br>
<h2>Telecommunications</h2><br>
<p>The Mandeville House is located on Lower Station Road  in Garrison, New York, United States, just west of its intersection with NY 9D and 403. It is the oldest extant house in that community, dating to 1735.</p><br>
<p>During the Revolutionary War, General Israel Putnam, after whom the county is named, was headquartered there for a while. A later occupant, architect Richard Upjohn, lived there for the last 25 years of his life. He expanded the house and redid its exterior in the Gothic Revival style that characterized much of his own work; most of these were removed in the 1920s by a later owner in order to restore the house to something close to its original appearance. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In the early 2000s it has been the subject of a dispute between the foundation which owns it and local history enthusiasts. The latter claim the head of the foundation is improperly using it as a residence and has not fully complied with Internal Revenue Service requirements that the house be open to the public as a museum. The head of the foundation denies any impropriety.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is situated on a wooded lot of almost 5 acre, just across from the similarly pre-Revolutionary buildings and structures of the Garrison Grist Mill Historic District on Highlands Golf Club and uphill from the Wilson House and the train station. It is an eight-bay, one-story structure with three shed-roofed dormer windows on and two chimneys piercing its gabled, shingled roof.</p><br>
<p>Its main facade has six bays with the main entrance in the third from the east. It is surrounded with a shed hood, fluted pilasters and a stoop with two Dutch-style benches. There are several wings, including a cross-gabled rear and a garage connected to the main house by breezeway.</p><br>
<p>The interior has some original paneling and trim, particular around the fireplaces in the main block. Most of the other trim is from the Colonial Revival restoration in the 1920s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1697 William III granted the property that included the future Mandeville House to Adolphe Philipse, whose family owned much of today&#39;s Putnam County. He is the first European owner of record. Thirty-eight years later, in 1735, Jacob Mandeville, leased 400 acre in the area of present-day Garrison, married and likely built the first part of the house. At that time it consisted of the present-day dining room and the space above. A kitchen wing was added later, and more upstairs rooms came into being sometime before the Revolution.</p><br>
<p>Around that time, the lands were inherited by Beverley Robinson, warden of the nearby St. Philip&#39;s Church in the Highlands, who had married into the Philipse family. His holdings were confiscated by the state of New York when he began working with the British Army due to his Loyalist sympathies during the war. In 1779, Israel Putnam used it as his headquarters. On two occasions that year, George Washington visited Putnam there and spent the night.</p><br>
<p>In 1785, the state sold the lands with the house to Joshua Nelson, a son-in-law of Mandeville&#39;s. His family sold it to a Mrs. Brown in the 1840s. She, in turn, sold it to Richard Upjohn in 1852.</p><br>
<p>At that time the middle-aged architect had established himself and was looking to settle down in the country after retiring from practice in New York City. He had designed the new St. Philips church nearby, and was working on residential commissions in the area like Dicks Castle, The Grove and Rock Lawn. He made many renovations to the Mandeville House, such as the library and north wings. He added a Swiss-Gothic facade to the front, reflecting the tastes of the era.</p><br>
<p>Upjohn lived in the house until his death in 1878. His descendants added some more rooms and remained until they sold the house to a Col. Julian Benjamin, a descendant of Peter Stuyvesant, in 1922. He and his wife, Nancy Allan, took down Upjohns Gothic exterior treatment and restored it in the Colonial Revival style, using Dutch stylings wherever possible to reflect Mandevilles perceived tastes, such as the shed dormers and stoop. They also added the garage wing and shed dormers on the north side.</p><br>
<p>Allan inherited the property when her husband died in 1953, and passed it along in short order to her daughter, Margaret Allan Gething. When she died 20 years later, her will provided for the establishment of a trust to maintain the house along with another historic house she owned in San Antonio as museums.</p><br>
<p>Robert Perry, a Texas lawyer and friend of the family, named the trust the Perry-Gething Foundation. Local preservationists have filed complaints against Perry with the state and the Internal Revenue Service, angry that he keeps the house closed most of the year and resides in it himself for several weeks in the spring and fall. Perry responds that when he is present, the house is open by appointment. The tax code, he says, requires only that the foundation maintain the property and says nothing about it making the museum open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The New York State Education Department Building  is a state office building in Albany, New York. It houses offices of the New York State Education Department  and was formerly home to the New York State Museum and New York State Library. Designed by Henry Hornbostel and opened in 1912, the building is known for its expansive colonnade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The State Education Building was designed by Henry Hornbostel and built between 1908 and 1911. It was the "first major building constructed in the United States solely as a headquarters for the administration of education."</p><br>
<p>Dr. Andrew Sloan Draper was the first Commissioner of Education of the State of New York and wanted a separate Education Building to provide more space for the growing agency. In 1906, after two years of negotiations with the New York Legislature, Draper secured a site near the New York State Capitol building. However, William Croswell Doane, the first Episcopal Bishop in Albany, was building the Cathedral of All Saints on South Swan Street, on the very block that Commissioner Draper viewed as his.</p><br>
<p>When Doane was out of Albany, Draper used his political influence to snatch up surrounding property and forever obscured the view of Doane’s new building from Washington Avenue and from the skyline as seen from the Hudson River. The Education Building cost approximately $4 million. It was finished on January 1, 1911 but was not dedicated until November 1912 with the state museum and library moving into fireproof wings in the building. In March 1911 a fire in the Capitol destroyed some of the state library collection before it was moved, over 450,000 books and 270,000 manuscripts and journals were lost in this disaster.</p><br>
<p>In 1959, work was finished on a nine story addition to the northeastern side of the building along Hawk and Elk streets. The addition is called the New York State Department of Education Building Annex.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Beaux-Arts style. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The building housed the New York State Museum from 1912 until as late as 1976, when the museum was relocated to the Cultural Education Center (part of the Empire State Plaza). The New York State Library, also housed in the Education Building, was moved to the Cultural Education Center as well.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The State Education Building is notable for its massive colonnade. Its NRHP application claimed that the colonnade is "one of the longest in the world."</p><br>
<p>The building has a T-shaped layout, with the colonnade forming the top bar of the T. Its Neoclassical design reflects the renewed interest in this style that followed the 1893 Columbian Exposition. Flanking the entrance are two sculptures of seated children; these sculptures serve as lampposts. Important interior features of the building include the 94-foot-high rotunda, with its glass-and steel-dome, and the 50-foot-high reading room, with its large arched windows. The rotunda also contains barrel-vaulted glass skylights and a mural depicting "man&#39;s quest for education."</p><br>
<p>The Standard Theatre, now known as the Folly Theater and also known as the Century Theater and Shubert&#39;s Missouri, is a former vaudeville hall in downtown Kansas City, Missouri. Built in 1900, it was designed by Kansas City architect Louis S. Curtiss. The theater was associated with the adjoining Edward Hotel , which was also designed by Curtiss; the hotel was demolished in 1965.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Standard Theatre opened with 2,400 seats on September 23, 1900, featuring burlesque and vaudeville. It was built by Colonel Edward Butler of St. Louis, Missouri, at a cost of $250,000, for his son to present shows on the Empire vaudeville circuit. In 1901, a fire at the nearby Coates Opera House caused opera and comic opera performances to be moved to the Standard, featuring such performers as Sarah Bernhardt, Richard Mansfield, and Maude Adams. The theaters name changed to the "Century" in 1902. The Century featured acts from the Empire burlesque circuit, including Al Jolson, Fannie Brice, and Eddie Foy. In addition to theater acts, the Century featured prizefighting and wrestling, with appearances by Jack Johnson and Jack Dempsey. Johnson stayed in the managers apartment, as hotels refused to rent him a room.</p><br>
<p>The Shubert brothers bought the Century in 1923 and renamed it "Shuberts Missouri" after extensive renovations by Shubert architect Herbert J. Krapp. The Shuberts booked dramatic productions including Shakespeare and ONeill plays. The Marx Brothers performed I&#39;ll Say She Is for three weeks in 1923-24, the long run convincing the Shuberts to continue operating the theater.</p><br>
<p>In 1974 the theater&#39;s then owners, Annbar Associates and Elk Realty of New York announced that if a new buyer could not be identified by the end of the year, the theater would be demolished to make way for a parking lot. A group of local historic preservation activists, including Joan Dillon and William N. Deramus III, formed a nonprofit, the Performing Arts Foundation, to raise the money to purchase and restore the theater. The theater was offered for sale for $950,000. Performing Arts Foundation raised $350,000 in contributions and through negotiation convinced Annbar Associates to offer the remaining $600,000 of the purchase price as a donation.</p><br>
<p>In the Follys centennial year of 2000, a new lobby, restrooms, and second-floor Shareholders Room were added. In 2005, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Follys reopening, the auditoriums original color scheme was restored. Plans are now under way, and approval has been granted by the Kansas City Landmarks Commission, to install a marquee sign that closely mimics the original Folly signage.</p><br>
<p>The Performing Arts Foundation of Kansas City, d.b.a. The Folly Theater, is a 501 (c)(3) non-profit corporation whose mission is "to preserve Kansas Citys oldest historic theater as a premier performance venue by presenting, producing, and hosting a wide range of quality events for the community". The Folly produces a Jazz Series, a Kids Series, and "Cyprus Avenue Live!" performances by artists ranging from blues to rock and country. It hosts the Harriman-Jewell Series of classical performers, the Friends of Chamber Music series, and the Heartland Mens Chorus.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Neo-Palladian facade uses Carthage limestone and red pressed brick, with an adapted Palladian window centered in the facade. Rather than a fully glazed infill within the limestone Palladian framework, the lower portion of the unit uses three arched windows with an entablature over the center window dividing it from the lunette under the principal arch. The street level is heavily rusticated limestone with three arched entrances and wrapping a short way around the right (east) side to form an additional arch. The east wall contains small limestone-framed ventilation openings near the top, as well as emergency exits and a 19 ft high opening for stage scenery. The building is 125 ft deep, 70 ft wide and 65 ft high.</p><br>
<p>The interior structure mixes steel and wood construction. There is a basement under the stage, housing mechanical systems and backstage service spaces. The main floor is entered through a lobby and a box office area. The house contains three sections of seats facing a highly decorated proscenium arch. The house is flanked by balcony-level boxes, with the main balcony to the rear. The stage is provided with a fly loft, fly balconies, a scenery workshop, and ten dressing rooms. Interior decoration is predominantly red and gold.</p><br>
<p>The exterior is largely unaltered, but the interior has been substantially renovated. In 1923, the lobby was reduced in size, moving the box office and eliminating a secondary box office for the balcony, while the balcony itself and a gallery level were replaced by a single larger balcony, reducing seating capacity. Plasterwork in the upper levels was replaced at this time, and a manager&#39;s apartment was removed.</p><br>
<p>Current seating capacity is 1,078 seats.</p><br>
<p>Mount Mẫu Sơn is a mountain in Lộc Bình District, Lạng Sơn Province, in northeastern Vietnam. It is located about 170 km northeast of the Hanoi and about 30 km east of Lạng Sơn City close to the international border between Vietnam and China. The highest peak of Mount Mẫu Sơn reaches about 1,600 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Mount Mẫu Sơn was originally settled by the Yao people. In the early 20th century, the French built a military base on the mountain followed by a cluster of villas in 1936. The French installations on Mount Mẫu Sơn have since fallen into disrepair and only ruins remain of the original buildings. The mountain now contains several guest houses built to resemble French villas, some are abandoned, but a few still remain operational as of May 2017. The top of the mountain is a popular picnicking location with locals who come there to take photographs on the mountain top.</p><br>
<p>The Puyehue Hot Springs  is a series of hot springs located 76 kilometers along Route 215-CH east of Osorno, a city 20 kilometers from Puerto Montt in the Los Lagos Region of southern Chile.</p><br>
<p>The area is served by Refugio del Lago Airport.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Puyehue Hot Springs are part of the 117,000 hectares of the Puyehue National Park, a protected area.</p><br>
<p>The Puyehue Hotel and Spa, where the baths are found, is located 75 kilometers east of Osorno following Route 215-CH, in the foothills of Casablanca Volcano. The baths collect geothermal waters from five different sources with water temperatures ranging from 41 to 54 C.</p><br>
<p>Nearby attractions include Aguas Calientes Hot Springs and the Antillanca ski resort.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The baths’ origins date back to 1907 when a consortium led by Conrado Hubach was formed to improve the facilities at the hot springs. By 1910, a hotel had been built with capacity for 100 guests and an old steamboat transported visitors from the town of El Desague (now known as Entre Lagos) across Puyehue Lake to Puyehue Beach. The steamboat ran for more than 30 years.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s, a new hotel, Gran Hotel Puyehue was built over 2.65 hectares to provide more modern facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>Amenities include indoor and outdoor pools, saunas, hydro massages, and a spa offering a range of services. Other activities include horseback riding, trekking, mountain biking, and ecotourism.</p><br>
<p>Beles River is a river of western Ethiopia. A tributary of the Abay river , the Beles rises in Dangur woreda to flow in a south-west direction to its confluence. Its catchment area amounts to about 14,200 square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>The source is located 15 km west of the Tanasees at about 2100m altitude above sea level. Since the Tana Beles hydroelectric power plant has been put into operation, the Beles has received water from Lake Tana, which is to be used in a series of irrigation projects below the power plant. For this purpose a series of dams were built. The mouth of the river Beles in the Blue Nile is located about 40 km above the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam that is under construction, and the water of the Beles will be used in the future.</p><br>
<p>The Sillees River  is located in south west County Fermanagh. Its origins lie in Lough Ahork, which is located in Lough Navar Forest . From here it continues through Correl Glen, Derrygonnelly and the Boho countryside passing through both Carran and Ross Loughs where it ends in Lower Lough Erne.There are a few tributary streams and rivers that flow into the Sillees river, amongst them, the Boho River, the Screenagh which emerges from the Arch cave and the Reyfad stream which enters Pollytullybrack of the Reyfad cave system.</p><br>
<h2>Folk tales associated with the river</h2><br>
<p>The river is famous for the curse which was given by St Faber when she changed its direction, making the river bad for fishing and good for drowning.</p><br>
<p>In another tale of the river, there is a Highwayman known as Black Francis Corrigan, who leaps the Sillees in a single bound with his horse after a famous robbery.</p><br>
<h2>Geological and palaeontological interest</h2><br>
<p>The Sillees River has the distinction of having a species of brachiopod named after it, namely Rugosochonetes silleesi. Indeed, some 56 species of early Carboniferous brachiopods alone were discovered in this area as well as 69 species of bryozoans.</p><br>
<p>Schoepfle Garden is a 70 acre botanical garden and natural woodland bordered by the Vermilion River . The garden features collections of rhododendrons, roses, lilies, hostas, various shade plants, along with many varieties of shrubs, topiary and trees. There is a visitor center, and guided tours are available throughout the year. The garden is part of the Lorain County Metro Parks, and is located on Market Street in Birmingham, Erie County, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Schoepfle Garden was the ancestral home of the Schoepfle family, before being sold in 1924 and used as rental property. In 1936 Otto Schoepfle repurchased the house and land originally owned by his grandparents. Over the years, with a great deal of attention, work and help from local young people, Otto was able to turn it into the beautiful garden that can be seen today. Born in 1910, Otto Schoepfle did not start out to create a botanical garden. He in fact referred to it sometimes as “the garden that grew.” Over the years, he traveled Europe to study and learn about different botanical varieties, coming home after each trip with new ideas for plantings. This continual pursuit of learning became a dominant force in his philosophy of life.</p><br>
<p>In 1969 Otto donated the garden to Lorain County Metro Parks and continued to live in the house and look after it until his death in 1992. The garden now stands as a monument to his values of continual learning and appreciation of both cultivated and natural beauty.</p><br>
<h2>Formal Garden</h2><br>
<p>The formal garden contains a wide central path lined with hedges and topiaries. Grassy side paths wander through colorful and exotic flowers. The garden’s colors change every few weeks in the warmer months as new species come into bloom. Spring-time bulbs are abundant with many varieties of tulips and daffodils. Summer-time flowers include an extensive selection of roses. Many similar species are planted together, allowing the visitor to observe the subtle differences. Most plantings are well identified with signs and pictures. Remarkable specimen trees are featured including holly, ginkgo, European beech, Japanese Umbrella Pine, Dawn Redwood, and others.</p><br>
<h2>Shade Garden</h2><br>
<p>The shade garden runs alongside the formal garden, and features a cool canopy of pines. The shade garden is accented with two ponds and many places to sit and relax. Various species of shrubs and shade plants line the floor including ferns, hostas and astilbes; but perhaps most notable is the large collection of rhododendrons.</p><br>
<h2>Children's Garden</h2><br>
<p>The newest addition to Schoepfle Garden is the musically themed Children’s Garden that was added in 2007. Inspired by Mr. Otto Schoepfle’s love of gardening, music and youth, the Children’s Garden was a community project as local landscapers constructed each unique garden, local artists restored carousel horses, and local businesses and citizens donated to the project. Each piece of the garden blends nature and music to create an enchanting experience for children.</p><br>
<h2>Natural Woodland</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the formal and shade gardens, there are nearly fifty acres of natural woodlands that lie between the gardens and the Vermilion River. This natural area offers a seasonal display of indigenous trees and wildflowers—a great place for wildflower hikes, birding and tracking. Established hiking trails include a 1 mi and a.5 mi loop, and a.6 mi river trail. Scenic vistas overlooking the river valley are available from the trails and from the foundations of an old railroad bridge.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Portions of the text and descriptions for this page were adapted from the web site.</p><br>
<p>The José Serrano Adobe is a historic 1863 adobe house in Lake Forest, Orange County, California. The property is one of four historic buildings in the Heritage Hill Historic Park. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The adobe was built by José Serrano in 1863, on the 10,688 acre Rancho Canada de los Alisos granted by Governor Juan B. Alvarado in 1842 and Governor Pio Pico in 1846. It is the second of five adobe structures built by the Serranos on the rancho. Serrano and his family lived in the adobe raising longhorn cattle until a series of droughts, beginning in 1863 and continuing intermittently through 1883, forced the family to divide the ranch and mortgage several sections.</p><br>
<p>Dwight Whiting, who played a major role in the development of El Toro (Lake Forest), purchased the Serrano Adobe and a significant area of the rancho in 1884. His son, George Whiting, made extensive additions to the dwelling in 1932, adding a dining room, bedroom, and kitchen. Shortly after George Whiting&#39;s restoration effort, the Serrano Adobe was nominated and accepted as California State Landmark #199. The extensive gardens include two pepper trees, both over a hundred years old.</p><br>
<p>The last private owner, V.P. Baker, used the home from 1958 to 1969, restoring and refurnishing the house as a vacation home and a meeting place for the Aliso Water Company. The Bakers sold the 5,000 acre Baker Ranch to Occidental Petroleum in 1969 for $11 million with the requirement that the new owners donate the Serrano Adobe to a public agency for preservation. In 1974, Deane Brothers, a development subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum, proceeded to donate 55.9 acre round the Serrano Adobe and Serrano Creek to the County of Orange.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage Hill Historical Park</h2><br>
<p>Orange County set aside 4.1 acre surrounding the Serrano Adobe for the development of a historical park, now dedicated to interpreting the early history of the Saddleback Valley and El Toro area.</p><br>
<p>The Saddleback Area Historical Society formed in 1973 and supported the preservation of El Toros first church, St. Georges Episcopal Mission, and the first schoolhouse, the El Toro Grammar School, by moving these buildings to the Serrano Adobe site in 1976. The Harvey Bennett Ranch House, built in 1908, was moved to the site in 1978 with the cooperation of the developers of the Bennett Ranch subdivision, the William Lyon Company.</p><br>
<p>The José Serrano Adobe site opened as Orange County&#39;s first historical park under the name Heritage Hill Historical Park in May 1981. After the completion of the Bennett House restoration, the County rededicated the park in September 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Barney Flat Historic Railroad Logging Landscape is the historic remains of railroad logging on the South Kaibab Plateau in the early 20th century. Barney Flat is the only stump field on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Railroad logging (1897–1936)</h2><br>
<p>The Saginaw and Manistee logging company used temporary logging railroads to clearcut the South Kaibab</p><br>
<p>of ponderosa pines between 1897 and 1936. When the Williams mill ran out of timber in 1928,</p><br>
<p>operations turned north to the Tusayan Ranger District, south of Grand Canyon National Park. The Saginaw and Manistee used the Grand Canyon Railway line between 1928 and 1936. To access the timber stands loggers simply</p><br>
<p>laid ties and set down rail. As almost all rail was reused until it was worn out, then sold for scrap iron, only the wooden cross ties remain as evidence of this historic logging practice.</p><br>
<h2>Barney Flat stump field</h2><br>
<p>Many foresters believe that pre-settlement Southwestern ponderosa pine forests</p><br>
<p>contained 20–40 trees per acre. However, detailed mapping of the Barney Flat Stump Field counted 300 stumps in a 40 acre area. This is less than 10 trees per acre.</p><br>
<h2>Historic logging railroad grades</h2><br>
<p>Kaibab National Forest archaeologists have now mapped the locations and conditions of over 100</p><br>
<p>miles of logging railroad grades. These maps provide information about when and</p><br>
<p>how the forests were logged. Based on the condition of these historic features,</p><br>
<p>archaeologists determine their eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Farley Mount is a hill and one of the highest points in Hampshire. It is located within Farley Mount Country Park, situated about four miles west of the historic city of Winchester, Hampshire. It is locally famous for being the subject of a folk song, On Farley Mount. It featured the line oh on Farley Mount the clouds drift by, rustling the trees, on Farley mount I wonder why, what troubles you and I, blue is the sky and so are your eyes, oh left alone on Farley Mount. It is believed to date back to at least the sixteenth century and is still sung in pubs in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Monument</h2><br>
<p>On top of the mount is a folly, which stands as a monument to a horse named Beware Chalk Pit, which carried its owner to a racing victory in 1734, a year after falling into a twenty-five feet deep chalk pit while out hunting.</p><br>
<p>There are plaques on the interior and exterior of the monument, which read:</p><br>
<p>The folk band Contraband recorded "Beware Chalk Pit" by Graham Penny, featuring the words:</p><br>
<p>Theres a tale Ill tell to you, tis remarkable but true, of Sir Paulet St. John and his noble steed, an event as you shall see, back in seventeen thirty three, of which Hampshire gentlemen should all take heed. CHORUS: Beware Chalk Pit, Beware Chalk Pit, as you go galloping o&#39;er the downs, Beware Chalk Pit.</p><br>
<p>Glenfields, the former Archibald Gracie King House, is located on Old Manitou Road, a short distance from NY 9D, south of Garrison in the Town of Philipstown, New York, United States. It is a simple late 19th-century frame house with some unusual windows.</p><br>
<p>King was a descendant of Rufus King and other early New York power brokers who had married a descendant of the area&#39;s pre-Revolutionary landowners. He built the house, from a design by a local architectural firm, as a summer residence overlooking the nearby Hudson River. In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>Glenfields is a two-story structure with clapboard siding, a partially exposed granite basement and a gabled roof with boxed cornice. Two granite chimneys, slightly offset, rise from the center.</p><br>
<p>Windows on the east (front) facade are double-hung sash with an unusual 6-over-2 design, framed by molded lintels and plain sills. The central porch is supported by Doric columns, with a pedimented entablature. A double-tiered veranda on the west (rear) side has a shed roof supported by simples posts with a plain railing. The basement on that side has windows with brick surrounds.</p><br>
<p>A two-story wing projects from the south elevation. It has the same window treatment as the main block, but has a hipped roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>King, son of Congressman James G. King, owned along with his son Frederick Gore King much of the area around the house when he bought the land it stands on in 1868. Most of his holdings were commercial interests, such as the nearby quarry where Russel Wright and his wife built Manitogain the mid-20th century. He also owned a copper mine and apple orchard in the area, and shipped these products to New York City via his private docks on the Hudson River near where the Manitou train station is today.</p><br>
<p>He contracted the Cornwall firm of Mead and Taft, which would become a major designer of summer residences in the area like Amelia Barr&#39;s Cherry Croft, to design a house. It was finished around 1870. The south wing was added 20 years later. There have been no other major alterations to the house since.</p><br>
<p>The uninhabited Cheyne Islands are members of the Queen Elizabeth Islands and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada. The group is made up of three islands known as North Island, Middle Island, and South Island. Located approximately 5 km off eastern Bathurst Island, they are situated near Reindeer Bay within western Penny Strait.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>These small alluvial islands, approximately 7 km in size, with an elevation up to 3 m above sea level, are characterized by barrens and rocky flats.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Moss can be found growing on the Middle and South islands.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>They are a Canadian Important Bird Area (#NU049) and a Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat site (NU site 5). Notable bird species include Ross&#39;s gull and northern common eider.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Young Building was a building in Honolulu, Hawaii built during 1900-1903 by Alexander Young , a Honolulu mechanical engineer and businessman from Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The Young building was designed by California architect George W. Percy; it was his last major project before he died on December 14, 1900. It cost US$2 million to build, and opened as a 192-room hotel in 1903.</p><br>
<p>Based on this hotel, on his later ownership of the Moana Hotel and the original Royal Hawaiian Hotel, Alexander Young "became known as the father of the hotel industry in Hawaii."</p><br>
<p>During 1917 the United States Army used the second floor while Fort Shafter was completed. The original Royal Hawaiian Hotel was purchased by the Army in 1917.</p><br>
<p>The interwar years saw the hotels Roof Garden become one of Honolulus most fashionable social venues. During World War II the military occupied most of the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The building was converted to offices in 1964. The site was removed from the National Register in October 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Wakhjir Pass, also spelled Vakhjir Pass, is a mountain pass in the Hindu Kush or Pamirs at the eastern end of the Wakhan Corridor, the only pass between Afghanistan and China. It links Wakhan in Afghanistan with the Tashkurgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, China, at an altitude of 4,923 m,</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>There is no road across the pass. On the Chinese side, the immediate region is only accessible to military personnel. A 92 km- long barbed wire fence was erected on the border, and there is a Chinese border guard outpost at Keketuluke just 20 km east of the pass. In the summer of 2009, the Chinese Ministry of National Defense began construction of a new road to within 10 km of the border for use by border guards. The road leads through the Taghdumbash Pamir to the Karakoram Highway 80 km away. The entire valley to the east of Wakhjir Pass on the Chinese side is closed to visitors; however, local residents and herders from the area are permitted access.</p><br>
<p>On the Afghan side, the nearest road is a rough road to Sarhad-e Wakhan (also known as Sarhad-e Broghil), about 100 km from the pass by paths. Just below the pass on the Afghan side is an ice cave, at an altitude of 4,554 m. This is the source of the Wakhjir River, which ultimately flows to the Amu Darya (Oxus). The cave is therefore claimed as a source of the Amu Darya. Dilisang Pass, to Pakistan, is in the same valley about 20 km away.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wakhjir Pass is part of the Silk Road. It is believed that the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang traveled via this pass on his return trip to China in approximately 649 AD.</p><br>
<p>Traditionally, the pass is inaccessible for at least five months out of the year and is accessible irregularly for the remainder of the year. The terrain is extremely difficult, although Aurel Stein reported that the immediate approaches to the pass were "remarkably easy". There are few records of successful crossings by foreigners. Historically the pass was a trading route between Badakhshan and Yarkand, used by merchants from Bajaor. Since then the only Westerner to have crossed the pass seems to have been H.W. Tilman in 1947.</p><br>
<p>In 1895 the pass was established as the border between China and Afghanistan in an agreement between the British and the Russians, although the Chinese and Afghans did not finally agree on the border until 1963.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that in more recent times, the pass is sometimes used as a low-intensity drug smuggling route, and is used to transport opium made in Afghanistan to China. Afghanistan has asked China on several occasions to open the border in the Wakhan Corridor for economic reasons or as an alternative supply route for fighting the Taliban insurgency. However, China has resisted, largely due to unrest in its far western province of Xinjiang, which borders the corridor., it was reported that the United States had asked China to open the corridor.</p><br>
<p>The BMA Tower in Kansas City, Missouri, also known as One Park Place, was built as a 19-story Modern style office building. Located on a prominent height 3 mi south of downtown Kansas City, the 280 ft building is uniquely visible. The building was planned for the Business Mens Assurance Company of America, an insurance company, on the site of the former St. Josephs Orphanage. The building was designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill with steel-frame construction and clad in a contrasting grid of deeply inset black glass and white marble. It was the first high-rise structure in Kansas City since the building of City Hall in 1936, and opened in 1963.</p><br>
<p>Designed by SOM project manager Bruce Graham, who later was lead architect for the John Hancock Center and the Willis Tower, the BMA tower is completely devoid of ornament, using only the contrast between the white cladding on the columns and beams with the black glazing as expression. In design it is closely related to the First City National Bank Building in Houston, designed by Gordon Bunshaft, another SOM partner. Even more than the upper-floor windows, the ground floor is deeply inset, with glass surrounding just the central building core to function as a lobby. The structure encloses 384,000 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s original marble cladding was replaced after several panels fell from the building in 1985 and 1986. The problem was traced to the thinness of the panels (1.25 in and the method of anchorage to the frame. As a result of extensive investigation, the panels were replaced with neoparium, a glass product that appeared indistinguishable from marble at more than 100 ft. This failure mode was not uncommon in buildings of this era that employed thin marble cladding. Several buildings, most notably the Aon Center in Chicago were re-clad with materials other than marble.</p><br>
<p>The BMA Building won an Architectural Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Steel Construction and a First Honor Award from the American Institute of Architects.</p><br>
<p>The building was sold by the BMA in 2002 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places the same year. Renamed One Park Place, it was extensively renovated, stripped of asbestos and converted to residential condominiums. Renovation was completed in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Boho Caves  are a selection of caves centred on the village of Boho, County Fermanagh on the northern slopes of Belmore Mountain. They encompass the main Boho Cave and the smaller Waterfall Cave and Upper and Lower Ravine Caves. The Boho Cave system is the sixth-longest cave system in Northern Ireland, is designated an Area of Special Scientific Interest  and is the only example of joint-controlled caves in Northern Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Geology and hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The rock strata at Boho Caves date from the Asbian substage of the Carboniferous period, estimated to be around 325 million years old. The rock sequence exposed at Boho consists of the Glencar Limestone Formation which is overlain by the Dartry Limestone Formation, composed of cherty limestones and limestones and shales of the Carn Limestone Member. The Dartry Limestone is, in turn, overlain by the Meenymore Formation and the Glenade Sandstone. The caves are formed within the Dartry Limestone. The main cave contains typical karst features such as stalactites, stalagmites, cave curtains and flowstone.</p><br>
<p>The water flowing through the Boho Caves originates from Aghanaglack River. After dry weather, the river sinks in the streambed well upstream of the caves and does not emerge until far downstream past the ravine. In wetter conditions, water flows into the cave system via several routes including the Main Sink entrance, which can sump and overflow into the nearby field shakeholes. It then exits the cave at the usual downstream resurgences, as well as the Upper and Lower Ravine caves (via bedding planes from the northern end of Boho Cave) and in particularly high floods, the Quarry entrance (see picture).</p><br>
<h2>History of exploration</h2><br>
<p>The caves at Boho have been known locally for hundreds of years, and are mentioned on Ordnance Survey Ireland&#39;s 6-inch survey of Ireland, conducted between 1829 and 1841. By 1870 it was quite the norm for tourists to arrange a guided tour with a local resident, as William Wakeman described in his guide book of that year.</p><br>
<p>Although Édouard-Alfred Martel and Lyster Jameson definitely visited Boho parish in 1895 and investigated some of the caves, Martel&#39;s description makes it unclear as to whether they visited Boho Caves or nearby Pollnagollum Coolarkan. Boho quarry, in which there are a number of entrances to the cave, was active until the mid-1950s and many local people would have explored short sections of the cave during and before this time. The Yorkshire Ramblers explored Boho Caves in 1907 but it was not until the mid-1960s that a survey of this complicated system was attempted by Dublin cavers. The system was extensively resurveyed by the Reyfad Group in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Boho is a cave much used by guided educational parties studying the local environment and by casual visitors, but exploration should never be undertaken lightly. In wet weather the narrow passages flood quickly and at these times the cave is extremely dangerous and should be avoided. Heavy flood pulses have been known to inundate the cave up to 24 hours after heavy rain has ceased, and the entire system is known to flood to the roof in under an hour.</p><br>
<p>It is also recommended that the Upper Ravine area downstream of Boho quarry should not be visited under any circumstances because of roosting bats.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Lass of Nottingham University (in Hazelton, 1974) made extensive faunal collections in Boho Caves which included the identification of the troglobitic Collembolan (Schaefferia emucronata). Phil Chapman cites the collection of a stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from Boho and the Field Shake Holes and Southern Series have been observed to support a large spider population (Meta menardi). The strong draughts may bring trogloxenes into the cave on which this population thrives. The record of the water beetle, Agabus biguttatus, was of some interest at the time as there had been few Irish records of this spring and cave-dwelling species.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library is the main library of the Kansas City Public Library system, which is located in the Library District of Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, United States. It is situated at 14 West 10th Street, at the corner of West 10th Street and Baltimore Avenue, across Baltimore Avenue from the Kansas City Club and up from the New York Life Building. It contains the administration of Kansas City&#39;s library system.</p><br>
<p>Within the Central Library, the Missouri Valley Room contains a wide collection of items related to Kansas City local history, including original and published materials, news articles, postcards, photographs, maps, and directories dating from the citys earliest history. The Librarys Ramos Collection includes books, pamphlets, journal articles, and other materials relating to African-American history and culture.</p><br>
<p>Wonderwerk Cave is an archaeological site, formed originally as an ancient solution cavity in dolomite rocks of the Kuruman Hills, situated between Danielskuil and Kuruman in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. It is a National Heritage Site, managed as a satellite of the McGregor Museum in Kimberley. Geologically, hillside erosion exposed the northern end of the cavity, which extends horizontally for about 140 m into the base of a hill. Accumulated deposits inside the cave, up to 7 m in depth, reflect natural sedimentation processes such as water and wind deposition as well as the activities of animals, birds and human ancestors over a period of some 2 million years. The site has been studied and excavated by archaeologists since the 1940s and research here generates important insights into human history in the subcontinent of Southern Africa. Evidence within Wonderwerk cave has been called the oldest controlled fire. Wonderwerk means “miracle” in the Afrikaans language.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological sequence</h2><br>
<p>The cave contains up to 6 m depth of archaeological deposits reflecting human and environmental history through the Earlier, Middle and Later Stone Ages to the present. Cosmogenic dating suggests that basal sediment entered the cave some 2 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>Rock art occurs in the form of parietal paintings within the first 40 m from the entrance, possibly all less than 1000 years old, and small engraved stones found within the deposit, mainly from the Later Stone Age sequence where they date back some 10,500 years. The associations of older engraved or striated pieces have yet to be substantiated.</p><br>
<h2>Fertiliser extraction</h2><br>
<p>Major damage was caused in the 1940s when local farmers dug up large parts of the cave interior to bag and sell organic-rich material as fertiliser – which in fact comprised stratified archaeological deposits containing artefacts, bone and other material that would have been crucial to an understanding of the cultural and palaeoenvironmental history of the site. The presence of bone was reported upon, leading to the first archaeological and zooarchaeological investigations.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological investigations</h2><br>
<p>The initial archaeological studies of the 1940s, by Malan, Cooke and Wells, were followed up briefly by K.W. Butzer in the 1970s. Peter Beaumont of the McGregor Museum in Kimberley then carried out major excavations at the site between 1978 and 1993,Beaumont, P. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont, P. & Morris, D. (eds.). Guide to archaeological sites in the Northern Cape, 101–134. Kimberley: McGregor Museum; Beaumont, P.B., & Vogel, J.C. 2006. On a timescale for the past million years of human history in central South Africa. South African Journal of Science 102:217–228; Beaumont, P.B. & Vogel, J.C. 2008. Discovering the deep African past at Wonderwerk Cave. Quest 4(3):3–7</p><br>
<p>Binneman, J. & Beaumont, P. 1992. Use-wear analysis of two Acheulean handaxes from Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape. Southern African Field Archaeology 1, 92–97; Mercier, N., Valladas, H. & Valladas, G. 1995. Flint thermoluminescence dates from the CFR Laboratory at GIF: Contributions to the study of the chronology of the Middle Palaeolithic. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 351–364. with Anne Thackeray and Francis Thackeray working at the site in 1979, excavating and researching the Later Stone Age levels from cultural and archaeozoological perspectives respectively. Current work is being led by Prof Michael Chazan of the University of Toronto, Dr. Liora Kolska Horwitz of The Hebrew University and Dr. Francesco Berna Simon Fraser University in collaboration with the McGregor Museum (where excavated assemblages are housed). A digital model of the site was created by laser scanning, forming part of the Zamani Project. Key team members who have worked on the dating of the lower units are the late Hagai Ron (magnetostratigraphic or palaeomagnetic dating), Ari Matmon (cosmogenic isotope dating), Robyn Pickering (U/Pb dating) and Naomi Porat (Optically stimulated luminescence dating). Results of these archaeological, dating, sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental studies were first reported at a symposium convened by Chazan and Horwitz at the site. They have since been published in a series of papers, and in a special issue on the site published in 2015</p><br>
<h2>Palaeoenvironmental investigations</h2><br>
<p>The sediments within the cave exhibit often exceptional preservation of organic remains including macro-botanical remains, phytoliths and micro and macro-fauna which shed light inter alia on species extinctions relative to the end of the last ice age circa 10 000 years ago – studied by Francis Thackeray. Margaret Avery and Yolanda Fernandez-Jalvo are studying the small mammal remains introduced to the cave sediments as part of the contents of owl droppings and which provide indications as to the palaeenvironmental conditions outside the cave.Avery, D.M. 1981. Holocene micro-mammalian faunas from the northern Cape Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Science 77, 265–273; Avery, D.M. 1995. Southern savannas and Pleistocene hominid adaptations: the micromammalian perspective. In: Vrba, E.S. Denton, S.H. Partridge, T.C. & Burckle, L.M. (eds.). Palaeoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins, 459–478. New Haven: Yale University Press;Fernandez-Jalvo Y.& Avery D.M. 2015. Pleistocene Micromammals and their Predators</p><br>
<p>at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa. African Archaeological Review 32:751–791.</p><br>
<p>Also preserved are pollen, another key source of information on changing environmental conditions outside the cave, currently studied by Louis Scott but initially examined by E.M. van Zinderen Bakker.Beaumont, P.B., van Zinderen Bakker, E.M. & Vogel, J.C. 1984. Environmental changes since 32 000 BP at Kathu Pan, northern Cape. In: Vogel, J.C. (ed.). Late Cainozoic palaeoclimates of the Southern Hemisphere, 329–338. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema; Scott, L., Steenkamp, M. & Beaumont, P.B. 1995. Palaeoenvironmental conditions in South Africa at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Quaternary Science Reviews 14, 937–947; Scott L. & Thackeray J.F. 2015. Palynology of Holocene Deposits in Excavation 1</p><br>
<p>at Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape (South Africa.African Archaeological Review 32:839–855.</p><br>
<p>Lloyd Rossouw is researching phytoliths from the cave, which show changing vegetation profiles, while preserved charcoal is being studied by Marion Bamford to generate data on woody plants.</p><br>
<p>Deposition processes have been the focus of work by Karl Butzer and, currently, Paul Goldberg and Francesco Berna</p><br>
<h2>Ritual uses</h2><br>
<p>Indications of the cave’s contemporary social or ritual significance relate inter alia to the occasional collecting of water, by local African people, for healing purposes. There are other nearby sites where beliefs concerning the ritual power of water (associations with a mythic watersnake are remarked upon), for example by members of the Zion Christian Church, include the Kuruman Eye and Boesmanspit.</p><br>
<p>The past ritual significance of the site is subject to on-going archaeological investigation.</p><br>
<h3>Rock paintings</h3><br>
<p>The rock art on the walls of the cave near its entrance, being researched by David Morris and engraved stones found in the deposit may implicate changing ritual significance.</p><br>
<h3>The deep interior as ritual space</h3><br>
<p>Aspects of the use of the cave&#39;s deep interior reaches are also being considered in these terms. Chazan and Horwitz refer, as Beaumont had done, to the introduction of manuports (unmodified natural stones) "with special sensory properties" by terminal Acheulean hominins, more than 180,000 years ago, to the deep interior of the cave which is characterized by "singular acoustic and visual qualities." They argue that the site provides a "unique and extensive diachronic record of milestones in the development of symbolic behaviour" and "evidence to support the position that elements of symbolic behaviour emerged long before the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa."</p><br>
<h2>Wonderwerk Cave in literature</h2><br>
<p>Julia Martin devotes a chapter to Wonderwerk Cave in her book A Millimetre of Dust, the title of which was inspired by a remark about the site.</p><br>
<p>Michael Cope&#39;s anthology Ghaap has sonnets inspired by Wonderwerk Cave.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage Status</h2><br>
<p>Wonderwerk Cave, within a servitude ceded to the McGregor Museum, was declared a National Monument of South Africa in 1993. It was opened to the public, as a site museum, in 1993. In the same year a major graffiti-removal project was carried out. In 2000 new legislation made the site a Provincial Heritage Site. Between 2003 and 2009 it was assessed in terms of the grading system prescribed by the National Heritage Resources Act and graded as a Grade I site (i.e.: of national significance). Declaration as a National Heritage Site followed, being published in the Government Gazette on 12 March 2010. Coupled in a serial nomination with Border Cave and Klasies River Mouth for South Africa&#39;s Tentative List for World Heritage inscription, it was re-nominated in its own right for the Tentative List in April 2009.</p><br>
<p>Wonderwerk Cave was one of the 100 sites selected for the 2010 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund.</p><br>
<p>Jeff Ho Surfboards and Zephyr Productions was a surfboard manufacturing facility and surf shop located in Santa Monica, California, that opened in 1973 and closed in 1976. The building was designated as a City Landmark in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1971, Jeff Ho opened Jeff Ho Surfboards and Zephyr Productions, a surf shop in the Venice Beach area of Santa Monica, and also used the south wing of the facility for manufacturing their surfboards. The building is located at 2001–2011 Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The surf shop closed in 1976, and was reopened in 1977 by Nathan Pratt as Horizons West Surf Shop. That shop closed in August 2010. The space reopened as a coffee shop called Dogtown Coffee in August 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Jeff Ho formed the Zephyr Surf Team, made up of local surfers who frequented Pacific Ocean Park in the run-down area of Dogtown. Jeff later formed the Zephyr Skate Team, which became widely known as Z-Boys and popularized the sport.</p><br>
<p>The Z-boys were based in Zephyr Productions, and it was a regular hang-out for the members. Several members were also employed part-time at the surf shop.</p><br>
<p>Several members of the team included Stacy Peralta, Tony Alva, and Jay Adams. The team was the subject of a 2001 documentary film, Dogtown and Z-Boys, and a 2005 biographical film, Lords of Dogtown; both feature the Zephyr Productions Surf Shop.</p><br>
<h2>City Landmark Designation</h2><br>
<p>In 2007, the building housing Horizons West Surf Shop (formerly Jeff Ho Surfboards and Zephyr Productions) was designated to be demolished to construct condominiums.</p><br>
<p>Local skaters and surfers, led by Jacob Samuel began fighting to protect the building. On April 9, 2007, an application was filed to designate the building as a City Landmark.</p><br>
<p>On May 14, 2007, the Planning and Community Development Department of Santa Monica ruled that the building met the minimum of four eligible criteria and officially designated it as a City Landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Walker House in Garrison, New York, United States, is located on New York State Route 403, between Routes 9 and 9D. It is a large Queen Anne-style house constructed in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Sloan was a prominent 19th century railroad magnate, best known for his 32-year tenure as president of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad. He and his wife, Margaret Elmendorf Sloan, purchased large tracts of land in Garrison, New York before and after the Civil War. They built their summer estate, Oulagisket (later renamed Lisburne Grange by his son), in Garrison in 1864. Sloan and his wife built the Walker House on their Garrison estate near Oulagisket in 1888. It was a wedding gift to their daughter, Elizabeth La Grange Sloan (1862 - 1960), upon the occasion of her marriage on April 27, 1887 to Joseph Walker, Jr. (1858 - 1927). Walker became a senior partner and president of the investment banking firm of Joseph Walker & Sons and member of the New York Stock Exchange. In 1982 both the Walker House and Oulagisket were added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Hudson Highlands Multiple Resource Area.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The Walker House is situated on a four-acre (1.6 ha) lot. It is surrounded by tall trees; the deep ravine created by Arden Brook as well as the steep slope of Fort Hill elevate the house above the road and, together, partially obstruct the view of the house from it. A driveway curves up the slope from the east to the front facade.</p><br>
<p>The building itself is a three-story frame home on a brick foundation with several nested roofs shingled in slate, together with a copper porch roof. The wraparound porch extends across the front of the house and around most of the west side and part of the east side. The steeply-pitched main roof is done in a chateau style with eyebrow vents on all sides; the original crockets on the gable ridges were removed when the original slate roof was replaced with new slates in 2001-2002.</p><br>
<p>Three large brick chimneys pierce the extensions to the north and south, and a polygonal bay extends further from the north. A veranda with turned posts and corner brackets extends around three sides of the struct.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Railroad magnate Samuel Sloan, whose own estate, Oulagisket, is nearby, had the house built for Elizabeth La Grange Sloan, one of his daughters, as a wedding present in 1888. An 1891 map of the area shows the house and names its occupant as "Mrs. Walker". At the time of its construction, it was located on the Sloan family estate, together with Oulagisket and numerous other Sloan out-buildings. It adjoins Wyndune, also built by Samuel Sloan as a wedding present for another daughter, Margaret Elmendorf Sloan (1854 - 1906), when she married the Rev. Joseph Rankin Duryee (1853 - 1935). The original Sloan estate has been divided over the years; its various out-buildings have all been converted to residential use; and all are now under separate ownership.</p><br>
<p>The house remained in the Walker family until 1956, when it was sold to Walker O. and Abby H. Cain. Walker O. Cain (no known relation of Joseph Walker), a prominent twentieth-century architect, practiced at McKim, Meade & White, which firm was ultimately succeeded by his own firm, Walker O. Cain Associates. Since the house had been a summer residence when owned by the Walkers, modern mechanical services were added to the house after the 1956 sale to make it usable year-round. The house was later sold again in 2000 and then in 2005. Following both the sale in 2000 and that in 2005, the house was extensively renovated and updated. In 1978, the railing from the widows walk on top of the roof was removed because of its general deterioration, but kept in storage for possible future restoration. The widows walk was completely rebuilt and reinstalled in 2012. Because of the fact that only two families (the Walkers and then the Cains) successively owned the house for over 100 years, many original period details remained intact and were preserved in later restorations.</p><br>
